Summary of Application
Step 1: Assessment of Over Head tanks.
Step 2: Crack filling and making of internal chamfers. (if needed).
Step 3: Plugging internal pipe points. (if needed).
Step 4: Chamfer making and repairing (If needed).
Step 5: Internal Plastering (if needed).
Step 6: Application of Water Guard Crysta Coat 101 and Waterproofing Membrane.
Step 7: Flood Test.
Detailed Description
Leaked overhead tanks can cause serious problems for the day to day functioning and usage of a structure. There can be many reasons for the leakage of overhead concrete tanks. In the following description we will be tackling mainly with crack repairing of the internal concrete tank, plugging of pipe inlets and outlets, and correcting and making internal chamfers of the overhead tanks.
This system is recommended for severe cases where many times traceability and rectification of problems is an issue. This remedial solution is more suited for long terms usage of large tanks. If it is a residential smaller scale tank, the prior system where Water Guard 3020 N is recommended should be used.
Step 1: Assessment of overhead tanks.
It is essential to have a proper survey and diagnose the area where the water tank is being leaked and then move towards the rectification of the tank. The survey should be done both externally and internally within the overhead tank. It is to be ensured that the overhead tank is dry prior to the internal inspection so that any areas of the leakage can be identified easily.
During the inspection cracks within the overhead tank, leakage from the pipe inlets and outlets, and the condition of the chamfers along with the condition of the internal plaster need to be diagnosed thoroughly. Once the diagnosis of the problems has been done, working towards the rectifications of these problems can be done.
Step 2: Crack Filling and making of internal chamfers (If Needed).
Upon inspection if cracks are found over the plastered surface of the internal or external surface of the overhead tank, they should be further inspected for plaster hollow sounds, if the plaster has been de-bonded and there are hollow sounds, there will be a need for replastering. If there are no hollow sounds and the plaster is in a solid state, there may be a simple need for crack filling.
There is a wide range of Crack Fillers in in the Crack Heal Range of Ressichem crack fillers. In general, if there are minor hair line cracks, Crack Heal 920 2K should be used, if the cracks are wide and need a deeper filling, Ressi EPO Crack Fill can also be used depending on the situation. For further guidance for the right selection of crack fillers please consult Ressichem representative.
If there are running cracks on both sides of the overhead tank and the structure of the retaining walls and base have been detached, please consult a structural engineer prior to any treatment over the overhead tank. For further information on the suggested products, please also refer to the product Technical Datasheet for application guidance.
Water Guard Crysta Coat 101 can be mixed to the dry mortar consistency and used to fill the cracks. If there is any active water leakage, then Water Guard Crysta Coat 101 can be mixed with a suitable plugging material recommended by Ressichem at a Ratio of 1:1 and fixed at the point of water leakage to stop the flow of water. Over such treatment two coats of Water Guard Crysta Coat 101 can be applied at a said rate of application.
Step 3: Plugging internal pipe points. (If needed).
If on inspection it is found that the pipe inlets and outlets of the tanks have been leaking it is essential to plug those points of the pipes. A suitable crystalline plugging material can be used for this application. Water Guard Crysta Coat 101 is a crystalline waterproofing material which can also be used as a plugging material for the pipe inlets and outlets of the tank. The pipe points through which the leakage is taking place can be cut open at 8mm and the Water Guard Crysta Coat 101 mortar can be used to plug the points and seal them off. Once the points have been sealed, the points should be kept moist by damp curing for a period of minimum 4 days. Once after curing the plugging point of Water Guard Crysta Coat 101 becomes dry. It should be coated over with Waterproofing Membrane so that there is proper bonding between the pipe and the crystalline plugging material. The same treatment can also be repeated from the exterior side of the overhead tank.
Step 4: Chamfer making and repairing (If needed).
Chamfers within the overhead tank should also be inspected. If there are cracks over the chamfers or if they have been de-bonded within the overhead tank, they should be repaired or replaced. In the case of chamfers which have been de-bonded, Chamfers can be made either with Patch 365 Plus or adding Ressi SBR 5850 in the cement sand mix used to make the chamfer. It is recommended to make internal chamfers at the base and on all the walls of the overhead tank. All angles of 90° in the base and the walls of the tank should be neutralized. The chamfer should be at least 6 inches tall and wide throughout the all the corners of the overhead tank. (Please see the illustration for better understanding). The material recommended in this case for the making of chamfer for the overhead tank is a cement sand mortar with the inclusion of Ressi SBR 5850. The ratio of the cement sand mortar in this case would be 1:4 (Cement: sand). The amount of SBR to be used in this case would be 1 Ltr of Ressi SBR 5850 to be used with every 50 KG bag of cement used in the making of the chamfer.
Step 5: Internal Plastering (if needed).
As mentioned previously, if there are hollow sounds within the plaster of the overhead tank, the entire area should be replastered. Replastering works can be done either with the use of Patch 365 Plus (Please refer to product datasheet for further information) or by adding Ressi SBR 5850 and Silmix in the cement and sand mix.
Using Silmix and Ressi SBR 5850 as mortar admixtures ensures that there are no cracks in the plaster it is water repellent. It is recommended to add 1 Liter of Silmix along with 1 Ltr of Ressi SBR 5850 with every bag of cement used for the plastering of internal and external areas of the overhead tank. It is to be ensured that the internal plaster of the overhead tank should be finished slightly rough, exposing some grains using a foam (Foam finish plaster). This will provide a good key for the subsequent coating of .of Water Guard Crysta Coat 101 and Waterproofing Membrane.
Step 6: Application of Waterproofing Membrane.
Once internal plastering has been done and cured properly, it is recommended to apply 2 coats of Waterproofing Membrane over the surface of the plaster. A minimum of 2 coats of Waterproofing Membrane are recommended. Both the coats should be applied in an opposite right-angled direction (if the first coat is applied in a top to bottom direction, the second coat is to be applied in a left to right direction). It is to be ensured that all the coating of the materials is to be done properly and a proper film of the material is created over the plastered surface.
Step 7: Flood Test and usage of tank.
Once the coating of Waterproofing Membrane has been completed, the overhead tank can be filled with water. In case there are still some leak points within the tank, they should be rectified accordingly. If all the diagnosis and application works have been conducted properly, there should not be any leakages in the overhead tank.
What is a Chamfer?
Is a transitional edge between two faces of an object. Sometimes defined as a form of bevel, it is often created at a 45° angle between two adjoining right-angled faces. ( Wikipedia). In waterproofing systems, making a chamfer is of great significance. Water normally gets stuck in areas which have sharp corners of 90° & on several occasions the leakage of water occurs from this the sharp angle of the water retaining bodies or areas where significant waterproofing is required. To minimize the effect of this, a chamfer is usually created to make sure that there are no sharp angles in the structure to minimize the effect of water coming in & out of the structure.
